Tuesday, August 27, 2019

Acadia National Park (U.S. National Park Service)


Acadia National Park





Introduction

Acadia National Park is situated at the Mount Desert of Island off to the Maine of SE Coast, Atlantic Ocean. It occupies the 47,452 acres ground on Mount dessert. Acadia is East of Mississippi Park and is the very oldest National Park, is the home of various line-up of plants and many sort of animals, as well as coastline, stony seaboard Arctic and eastern woodland, Mountains and Strides.
Geologically, in Acadia Park one of the most enthralling characteristic is Mount Desert on Eastern Seaboard. These mountains are formed by exploded volcano, clean glaciers, Conflicted continents, many and many spectacular catastrophes. Moreover, the most park rocks are granite because history tell us that in the past, park had some erupting volcano activities.

Description

Initially, president Wilson entrenched the park as Sieur de Monts National Tombstone. People who believed in Retaining and eternity of land are most influentially donated this park. In the park, Cadillac Mountain is one of the highest peak within Atlantic coast the fame of such mountain is not because of highest peak point but in each morning, also a place to see the sunrises in America very firstly. In Acadia national park, there are 26 splendid mountains and the deepest lake of 150 feet deep is Jordan Pond. In the park, 40 different species of mammals are living. In the park, there were lion and gray wolves but they have been left very before this area. From mid-march to mid-August the Peregrine Falcons nest is found in park that were became an endanger species in 70s. The park is famous due to reason of rare plant grows at wetlands. The thunder hole, that create the sounds of thunder during when waves roll in and shoot air and water up through large cave. Another way of attention is beauty of mountains ridges that exactly look like ice cream cone, as well as humpback whales snapping turtles, hawk and various reptiles and amphibians, a lot of 120 miles of hiking trails. A very refreshing breakfast of popovers with tea at Jordan pong house that often busy in serving people so to get a reservation is frequently tough and take spectacular pictures of Acadia’s beauty. Another way to assume tourists is to drive on loop road this is spreading 25 miles with splendid scenic beauty, swim in fresh and salt water of ocean. [1]

Acadia National Park


Acadia National Park is one from few property that need to be conserve and landowners that are working together to protect the ecological, scenic and cultural values of this park.
The Acadia National park is rich with natural Resources as the coastline of Maine is bumpy, this is the gem of Northeast that rich in shoreline, forests, Islands and stony mountains and historic lighthouses. There are historic carriage roads are spreading alone in miles (45mile) for bike and for hiking is 125 miles. Acadia National park is place of full of adventure and outdoor enjoyment. As the highest peak of northeast coast line, Cadillac mountain need to conserve for uniqueness. [2]

We can learn from Acadia National park, the ecosystem, geography, physical features, and climate from here. As cobble beaches, that's created from waves to shift the materials from one point to another point to another point to pledge it on the shoreline. With waves forces that smoothen and make slippery of eroded rocks. Another learning purpose provided from Acadia is to learn to reveals the exalted interface between sea and land. As Acadia is covered with forests and woodlands completely in the variations of two regions; Northern arctic forest and eastern deciduous forest. Here in forest found some other isolated forest such as pitch pine and scrub oak woodlands and also contains stands of oak, maple, beech etc. Further, there are many things to learn in Acadia park such as geological formation of glaciers, U-shaped valleys hold lakes Glacial erratic landscapes of land, erosional scars, glacial polish, and kettle ponds, Intertidal and subtidal zones of park, lakes and ponds, mountains, wetlands, marshes and swamps. And about the culture and history of Acadia National park. [3]

Inside park (Acadia national Park)


The conspicuous scenery and sundry resources of Mount Desert Island catches the attention of people thousands years ago. By the 1800s, the colonist was arriving in huge numbers and observe in fishing, shipbuilding, farming and lumbering. In the late 1800s, artists portray its beauty. The rush experience of Mount Desert island and wished to protect its island begun to think about park. The people of Pemtic and Europeans are not known, but Frenchman, Samuel Champlain, the first significance contribution of historical record of Mount Desert Island. he led to prompt the landed Mount desert on September 5, 1604. the first French mission in America is Mount Desert Island by French Jesuits in 1613. But the victory of English was led the ambitions about Mount Deserts Island to unfortunate. In 1688, Mount Desert Island became the center of attraction for French activity. Antoine Laumet and his bride stayed here for time and restrict the enterprise.

In 1975, a conflict in half of century, Governor Francis gain a royal land on Mount Desert Island.  Then the real estate made very little distinguish in Mount Deserts Orchards. Farming and lumbering and shipbuilding became one of vital occupation. Settlers converted the Thousands of acres into many wood products such as schooners and barns for baby and hand tools. George B. Dorr devoted his 43 years of life and family to conserving the Acadian landscape. Dorr and other inveterate the Hancock Country Trustees of public Reservation.

The basic purpose of this organization is to preserve the land for public. in 1913 Dorr. offered land to the government and the president in 1916 to announced the creation of Sieur de Monts National Monument. in 1919 Wilson signed the act to establishing the Lafayette park and in 1929 park name changed to “Acadia National Park”. [4]

Acadia National Park, over 3.5 million (3,509,271) people had visited in 2017, that has been increasing about 6.2 percent all over the year that set year before. Approximately 3,497,187 visitors had visited Acadia National park till Jan 9 to end of November that form a latest record. Almost 560,601 visitors have come in Acadia of November of 2016 and broke the park's record of visitors.

The Acadia National Park is surrounded by many villages and Towns and that all are busy in serving their visitors in many ways. These are including (MDI area) Bar Harbor Maine, Bass harbor, Bernard, Ellsworth, hulls cove, islesford, Lamoine Beach, Manset, Northeast harbor, Otter creek, Salisbury Cove, seal Cove, Seal Harbor, Somerville, Southwest Harbor, Town Hill, Tremont, Trenton Town and villages in Schoodic Area included Birch Harbor, Bunkers harbor, Corea, East Sullivan, Franklin, South Gouldsboro, Gouldsboro, Prospect Harbor, Sorrento, Steuben, Sullivan, West Gouldsboro, Winter Harbor.

 First of all, the visit of Acadia National Park is so stress free because it relaxes their visitors by providing a lot of facilities such as to take the fare-free Island Explorer bus to visit the park, as to avoid the crowd head to the less traveled areas such as Mount Deserts Island west of some’s sound, Schoodic Peninsula of its quitter side or to Isle au Haut, Try out the St. Sauveur Mountain and beech Cliff loop or Bernard Mountain Loop On the west. Hike the famous trails and visit the popular sites of Acadia and Cadillac mountains.


For making your visit easy just start researching about Acadia National Park to avoid getting in line or struck in traffic. search on many sites on internet about park and also there is an app called Chimani that include lots of more information about park such as provides online calendar, park map, Top five things to see, what to eat and where to stay, and about more basic information about Acadia National Park.

A lots of websites providing information about traffic alerts like traffic jams closure to the park. secondly, usually visitors struck in traffic to avoid such problems just to make advance research about it in many blogs, websites and on many apps. Lodges option in Acadia National park, Bar Harbor Grand Hotel, Bar Harbor Inn & Spa, Acadia Inn, Atlantic Oceanside, Days Inn by Wyndham Bar harbor, The Bluestone Inn, The Bar Harbor Days Inn Motel. [5]

Conclusion

Acadia National Park is U.S National Park that Amuses visitors with its scenic beauty such as hiking mountain of 125 miles, loop road for 25 miles, Popover for breakfasts, for taking breathtaking images, fishing in clean water of glaciers, swim in salt water of oceans, stay in lodges of mount deserts. In short, Visit of Acadia National Park of Mount Desert helps the fast moving world to reveal their stress here.

  Works Cited

A Visitor's Guide to the Geology of Acadia National Park [1] https://www.nps.gov/acad/learn/nature/naturalfeaturesandecosystems.htm [2]

Monday, August 26, 2019

Burj Khalifa

Burj Khalifa

Highest Building in world

For more Pictures visit click below:
http://bit.ly/2Z4oCdr


Introduction



Burj khalifa is known as khalifa tower of before it was known as the Burj Dubai former name. The name from Burj Dubai to the burj Khalifa was changed when open tower publically in January 4 2010. The main reason why the name change from the Burj Dubai to the Burj Khalifa just because the name in the honor of Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Maktoum, who is president of Abu Dhabi as well as United Arab Emirates, due to the attack of financial Catastrophes in Dubai burj Khalifa and other developing projects are on the edge of faltering, in the days of calamity, the neighbor Abu Dhabi provided the funds for Dubai, the main reason the name burj khalifa instead of Burj Dubai.  In addition to the word Khalifa has an important impact in Islam, it means Islamic world's premier leader.
The Burj Khalifa Tower is situated at 1 Sheikh Muhammad bin Rashid Boulevard, Dubai, United Arab Emirates, in Downtown Dubai. There are many districts in the city that is fill up with sky-high buildings along with the alongside of Sheikh Zayed Road. There is another significant Skyscraper is Dubai Marina that is approximately 11 miles away. On the right side of Burj khalifa, there is Dubai marina's location that is 2.1 miles away from the sea, so the natural sight neighborhood the tower is not as alluring as Dubai Marina, but there are several man-made lakes and rivers by side the tower, these lakes and rivers have made up for the lack to a definite range.
Burj khalifa “khalifa Tower" former known as Burj Dubai is the tallest Tower or skyscraper in Dubai, United Arab Emirates and the world tallest building that ever built at 828m(2,717ft). It occupies the 126 floors very high. Construction of Burj Khalifa was started in the beginning of 2004 till to the end of 2009. In 2010, the building was officially opened for buyers, stakeholder, tourists and everyone. It is the tallest ever man made structure. Burj Khalifa Broke many record after to be into being such as Taipei 101 was the tallest Building ever since the Burj Khalifa was built. But as we know nothing can be so long, therefore Burj khalifa didn’t take this record for long because there is Jeddah tower in Jeddah are under construction in Saudi Arabia which will be 1 kilometer taller than Burj Khalifa.
From the beginning, the purpose behind Burj Khalifa was intentionally made world tallest building. The formal height authority is the Illinois Institute of Technology Council on Tall Buildings and Urban in Chicago, Illinois. The CTBUH evaluates building height (measured at the primary entrance from track).  Burj Dubai is the largest skyscraper of the world's 163rd floor: 828 m Building with the highest occupied floor.
The world's highest outdoor scrutiny is decorated at 452 m (124th floor). Installation of the inflated elevator of the world, located inside a shaft at the top of the building. World's inflated elevators at speed of 64 km/h (40 mph) or 18 m/s. highest vertical concrete pumping (for a building):606 m World's highest installation of an aluminum and glass frontage, at a height of 512 m. World's highest New Year fireworks display.
The Burj Khalifa Tower is located in downtown Dubai at 1 Sheik Muhammad bin Rashid Boulevard, Dubai, UAE. In propinquity, to Dubai's primary company district. Developed by leading developer Emaar Properties, Skidmore, Owings and Merrill of Chicago managed the tower's structure and engineering. This project was primarily contracted by South Korea's Samsung C&T, who also constructed Taipei 101 and Petronas Twin Towers. The major subcontractors were the Belgian company Besix and the Arabtec of the UAE. Project development started on September 21, 2004. The project, worth US$ 1.5 billion, has been re-named Burj Khalifa, pivotal to UAE President Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan's vital support enlarges.

Structure


As the tallest tower need time to be construct, so the Burj khalifa take almost 5 years started form 21 September to 1 October 2009 to be completed. There must be enormous room within the tower so that the Burj Dubai has 163 usable floors including more 46 continuation level in the spire and 9 parking levels in the cellar and 309,473 m2 floor space. At Burj Khalifa's summit / peak, at 123 level, seduction must be seen and amazing views of the town and neighboring emirates are offered. The tower is affixed. The Offices, a prime office space 12-storey annex. They are located at the tower's top levels. They occupy 37 floors and merge into one office the top three floors. Express lifts bring tourists to the office straight to a level 123 lounge lobby.

How Burj Khalifa’s lower level stand the pressure?

Burj Khalifa is the highest one tower and the lower sections of the tower need to be standing in a lot of pressure such Burj Dubai is delineating as all buttress tactile construction with high-performance concrete from base level to level 156, and also the top with structured steel braced frame from level 156 to height. Burj Dubai's Y shape is as deliberate because engineers want to lower the tower's wind forces and maintain the tower's structure uncomplicated and cultivated building capacity. As the Tower id Hexagonal hub (six sided central core), each wing and its own high performance concrete corridor walls and perimeter columns that made it buttress.

Y-shaped structure 

In the Consequence, the tower is twisted homogeneous and closed tube due to the supremely hardened sideways. Each construction level lays the building up in a spiral step layout. The hitch is structured with the grid of the towers, so that the spout of the structures is adroit to provide a flat load route by distributing columns overhead with walls below. Spouting and shaping's edge is to confuse the wind. The wind counter blow is never structured because the widen counters have a distinct construction shape at each fresh level.

Internal structure 

Because of the peremptory request, the connection beams differ considerably. Dubai burj (tower) contains the 0.85 shear-span ratio, 650 mm wide and 825 mm high, the representative connection beams. For the design of buttress concrete connection beams: the traditional beam design method was used in the ACI 318-992 strut-and-tie operation in ACI 318-023, with Appendix A allowing the design of connection beams slightly above the traditionally structured peak depth in bean strain pavement In the case of members who were subjected to very large shear forces, merged structural steel components were produced within the core of the concrete connecting beams to bear the shear and swing demand completely.

Link Beam in Burj khalifa

How does the Burj Khalifa Stand in wind speed for years without getting affected?

In accurate way, there is no sub merging system in Burj khalifa like others. Burj khalifa has itself as a damping structural integrity of building that confuses the wind. The wind forces are confusing due to the design of building as Bill baker said. The structure of Burj khalifa is like that when the wind forces increase then the size of building also increasing and as Burj khalifa is tallest one then if allowable deflection is 3m then environment inside the building will be uncomfortable. For that, for making the environment inside comfortable they modified the building profile according to the wind so that the wind layer formed around the building is turbulent one. Moreover, the wind following will confused due to the change in shape and structure as increasing in height. Due to the reason helps the tower to remain upright as the wind forces reduces vigorously. Spinal wall system and tower frame will have carried the sideways wind forces too. Phenomenon they have used for reducing this wind pressure and profile around the structures and found that it is actually the best way to reduce the wind forces.

Wind impact
Not even just wind forces that can effect tower but also have to resist in case of earthquake then building frames and shear core works in the same manner. As many tubes of different height merged together and forms a shape of three wings, as the building is full of tubes. Each one tube is located at the 120 degrees from others. This will help in retaining against the earthquake.  The shear lag reduction due to the belt wall and outrigger truss apart from other systems.
Furthermore, wind features are Variation of wind with velocity, wind turbulence, statistical probability, Vortex shedding phenomenon, Dynamic nature of interaction of wind structure.
As the velocity of adjacent earth's surface is almost zero due to the viscosity air reduces its velocity.

Variation of wind velocity with height
Two elements are regarded: mean height-related speed element, turbulent speed that stays the same over height, structural engineering-related wind-related.

Wind turbulence
for the Low wind speed, the long wind oscillation become parallel to the wind direction, it’s called shedding that can be occur on either side of the building.
The vortices of wind are shedding for higher speed of wind such as from one side to the other side of building. First there is impulse in wind side direction the three will be the impulse to the other transverse side of direction.
The shedding of the Vortex, which was deemed two-dimensional: wind along and transverse wind. When the wind speed I’d is small then the shedding happens on either side of the house with the same instant, so it is shown that the oscillations along the wind are parallel to the direction of the wind. But when the wind is at elevated velocity, the vortices and the shed alternate between one hand and the other for the wind. This situation also creates an impulse in the direction, but also in the direction of the transverse.

Vertices shedding behavior
Conclusion

As Burj Khalifa is one of the tallest tower of world, so enjoy time there is for anyone is spectacular with its beautiful heighted views, people use to gain little place there and felt privilege. Tower is being in mix use such as for different variety of purpose such as for office, hotels, restaurants, observation and communications.
The beautiful structure of burj Khalifa made itself a tallest tower of world and man-made structure that will be able to stand in viscosity of wind, earthquakes. The Structure that helps in maintaining to bear the wind speed that bearing for years without affecting. The concrete made up of corridor helps in bearing the pressure on the lower part of the tower. The beams and the elastic material made it flexible. In short the structural engineering applied for constructing in Burj Khalifa is spectacular and mind blowing.
As being the tallest building of the world, Burj Khalifa has broken world records. As being the 828 meters and 160 stories, Burj Khalifa forms many other records. Such as Burj Khalifa is the tallest building of the worlds as well as the tallest free stand structure of the world. Also having the highest number of stories in the world and highest occupied stories in the world. The longest Travel distance ever, the elevator with the highest travelling distance as well the longest service providing ever.
An ice thermal storage system within the district cooling plant being employed in tower to increase the energy efficiency of cooling system in Burj Khalifa. Due to this decrease the high-loads conditions and consumption in day time.
For reducing the temperature of chilled water, the whole system includes the ice slurry. That ice is installed in off-peak periods and in night times a thermal storage unit being use all the time of it.
In USA and Europe, this system of cooling is being in use. Moreover, it was believed first ever system employed in Middle East is Burj Khalifa and the chiller capacity up to 35%.
In the installed ice, if we compare with ice installed is eight time greater than the similar volume required for chilled water, which makes approving for cooling plants.
Cost also reduce 30-40% in the size due to the auxiliary equipment and it transfer the chiller water and further from the chiller side, the use of smaller equipment’s such as pipes and pumps etc.

References

Ahmed Essam, Mostaf Atteya, Ramez Nazir, Muhammad Salah “Report about concept design and construction of Burj Dubai” Burj Dubai n.p, n.d
Available: https://www.scribd.com/doc/54840864/Burj-Dubai-Report Last accessed 30 Nov 2018.

The Editor of Encyclopedia of Britannica “ Burj Khalifa”  n.p, Feb 24, 2017
Available: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Burj-Khalifa Last accessed Nov 29, 2018.

Code Red Safety “Safety feature in the world’s highest building: The Burj” Nov 16, 2015

Emaar PJSC “Building a Global Icon” Burj Khalifa Emaar PJSC 2016,
Available: http://www.burjkhalifa.ae/en/the-tower/construction.aspx Last accessed Nov 29, 2018.

Jinal Doshi “How does the Burj khalifa survive the wind loads?” Quora Nov 14, 2015

Guide2dubai “Burj khalifa Tower” guide2dubai September 4, 2015
Available: https://www.guide2dubai.com/visiting/attractions/burj-khalifa Last Accessed Nov 29, 2018.

Staff Writer “Burj Khalifa sets energy Landmark” n.p April 5, 2010

Selina Jullian “Insides the world’s tallest building” Burj Khalifa” CNN Travel n.d

Arabian Business “How the Burj was built” Arabian Business January 16, 2010
Available: https://www.arabianbusiness.com/how-burj-was-built-9706.html Last accessed December 8, 2018.
www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/burj-khalifa/3
Burj Khalifa